the chips undergo rigorous testing to ensure that each individual chip performs reliably, and are then encapsulated in a protective case to shield them from the outside world.
This encapsulation process is not only about physical protection, but also about optimizing electrical connections to ensure that the chip can communicate effectively with the outside world.
Ultimately, these packaged chips are distributed to electronics manufacturers around the world, where they become an integral part of smartphones, computers, IoT devices, and other devices that are integrated into a wide variety of electronic products that go into millions of homes and drive every corner of modern technological life.