how is a silicon wafer made
how is a silicon wafer made? The manufacture of silicon wafers begins with the purification of silica into high-purity silicon, the formation of monocrystalline silicon rods by the straight drawing method or zone melting method, and the subsequent cutting, grinding, and polishing processes that result in the formation of smooth, rounded wafers, known as silicon wafers.
how is a silicon wafer made
Wafer Manufacturing Process
The wafer manufacturing process is a complex process that mainly consists of the following steps:
Surface Cleaning
Ensure that the wafer surface is clean and free of dirt.
Oxidation and Deposition
Formation of insulating or conductive layers by techniques such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
Photolithography
Apply photoresist, expose and develop to define circuit patterns.
Etching
Removes material from the exposed area to form the desired circuit structure.
Ion implantation
Adjusts the conductive type of the semiconductor material to form the source and drain.
Multi-Layer Interconnect
Creates connections between the inside and outside of the chip by depositing metallic and insulating layers.
Final Processing
Includes steps such as chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP), metallization, and testing before packaging.
Different names for wafers
Wafers are referred to in the industry by a variety of names, reflecting their characteristics and uses:
Silicon wafers: Named for the fact that most wafers are made from high-purity silicon.
